Postgraduate Dental Program

The primary goal of the course is to train you to conduct a thorough, accurate medical history and physical examination. You will be given an approach to acquiring clinical information, organizing and processing this information, and then presenting it in a clear concise manner. In the process we want to help you integrate your growing knowledge of pathology while learning to apply this to clinical observation and problem solving. We also will help you develop good communication skills, professionalism, cultural competence, and the habit of reflection - all essential attributes of the good physician. These skills and attributes form the basis for your professional growth in the years ahead, no matter what path in medicine you eventually choose.

Advanced General Dentistry is a post-doctoral clinic that offers comprehensive dental care, including routine cleanings and exams, fillings, crowns, bridges, implant restorations, dentures, and treatment of more complex general dentistry cases. In this clinic, dentists who have completed dental school and are receiving 1-2 additional years of training in advanced general dentistry provide treatment under the supervision of faculty dentists. Fees at the Advanced General Dentistry Clinic are slightly higher than at the Pre-Doctoral Clinics, though they are still lower than the fees charged by dentists in private practice.

A continuation of PGDP-600. Advanced General Dentistry is a post-doctoral clinic that offers comprehensive dental care, including routine cleanings and exams, fillings, crowns, bridges, implant restorations, dentures, and treatment of more complex general dentistry cases. In this clinic, dentists who have completed dental school and are receiving 1-2 additional years of training in advanced general dentistry provide treatment under the supervision of faculty dentists. Fees at the Advanced General Dentistry Clinic are slightly higher than at the Pre-Doctoral Clinics, though they are still lower than the fees charged by dentists in private practice.

The goal of this course is to provide the second-year resident an opportunity to explore a broad range of topics related to general dentistry. Advanced literature review is expected of the second-year resident to focus on clinical care as well as practice management, information technology, ethics, advanced treatment modalities and community service. Second year residents are also expected to lead group discussions with first year residents on general dentistry topics.

This course is designed to afford the dental student with a comprehensive review of the anatomy of the head and neck as it relates to dental surgical procedures. The course is designed to present an intensive orderly approach to cranial anatomy with special reference to those regions which provide a background for the various aspects of practical dentistry. Further, the course is designed as a review and as an advanced presentation, with the presumption that the students have some knowledge of basic anatomy and physiology along with related terminology. During the course and review sessions visual aids of laboratory dissections of the various spaces and compartments of the head and neck will be presented and will be available to the students for individual study.

Histology is a discipline which examines the structure and correlating functions of tissues and cells using light microscopy, electron microscopy and other specialized microscopic methods. The course will involve a study of general tissue characteristics and will explore histologically and ultrastructurally the different tissue types in the body including epithelial, connective, skeletal, blood/vascular, muscular, and neurological tissues as well as the various organ systems including cardiovascular, lymphatic, integumentary (skin), digestive, respiratory, urinary, endocrine, male and female reproductive, and special senses (eye and ear). While the course's emphasis will be a study of the appearance of normal cells and tissues, selected abnormal/diseased tissues will be examined as well (e.g., bone osteoporosis, heart myocardial infarctions, neurological diseases, etc.) and functional correlations will be made.

A technical course designed to give the students an orientation in the use and manipulation of wires and other materials for preparation and construction of removable and fixed orthodontic appliances.

Information presented in this course is designed to present and discuss how to obtain medical and dental histories and deliberate on specific medical and dental conditions that have explicit relevance to the practice of orthodontics, illustrate how to perform intra and extra oral examinations, familiarize the student with the various growth patterns and discuss the interrelationship of growth and orthodontic treatment, review the orthodontic record taking procedures and present how to utilize the obtained information to formulate an individualized treatment plan, discuss the various classifications of malocclusion, present the key requirements of an optimal occlusion including Andrew's six keys to normal occlusion, address the etiologies of malocclusion and understand the role of muscle pressure and oral habits on development of a malocclusion ,present the theories of tooth movement as well as types of orthodontic tooth movement, discuss the concept of anchorage and discuss the mechanical principals of force control .

Information presented in this course is designed to familiarize the students with various early systems of orthodontic treatment philosophy and the contemporary orthodontic treatment concepts. The course is designed to fully analyze the Standard edgewise and straight wire systems of mechanotherapy and to provide a basic understanding of the three stages of comprehensive orthodontic treatment including leveling and alignment, working, finishing, as well as retention procedures. This course will help students with understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of the standard edgewise and straight wire mechanotherapy as well as differences between 018 and 020 bracket systems.

Information presented in this course is designed to present several basic orthodontic concepts and philosophies of treatment such as Bio-progressive therapy and the Mulligan technique, as well as common techniques for intra oral distalization of the upper first molars to correct a class II dental malocclusion, and the concept of functional appliance therapy. In addition, the vertical dimension control of the developing face as well as the management of the growing craniofacial complex under the influence of orthodontic and orthopedic forces will be discussed. The course will end with an introduction to the treatment complexities of adult and surgical orthodontics.

It is designed for students to gain clinical experience in their progression toward clinical competence in various clinical disciplines, in the treatment of the adult, child, geriatric and special needs patient population in a diverse, multicultural, humanistic environment. Students are assigned rotation groups of 3 to 4 students each. They are assigned to the various clinical areas by groups. There are a number of components of the Clinical Rotation course for both D3 and D4 students. The students have daily assignments. D3 and D4 students are assigned on according to a predetermined schedule at the commencement of each semester. The rotation clinics are Community Dentistry and the Chronically Ill and Aged Program for D4 students; then for both D3 and D4 students Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

This course has been designed to provide the students with knowledge and understanding of the philosophy and mechanics of fixed appliances. The course is designed to give the students exposure to orthodontic problems with as diverse types of malocclusions as our clinic population will permit. The basic laboratory and didactic course material are correlated and demonstrated through the treatment of patients. Diagnosis and treatment planning, record keeping, appliance construction and manipulation, patient management and interpersonal relationships are stressed and practiced under supervision. A multidisciplinary approach to orthodontic mechanotherapy is presented. While predominantly straight-wire appliances, the student is also exposed to standard edgewise, bio progressive, functional and other aligning appliances, and cases involving orthognathic surgery.

This course introduces the nurse anesthesia student to concepts that are necessary to formulate a plan and implement a safe and individualized anesthetic in the perioperative setting. The focus of the course includes: preparation of the anesthetizing environment; patient assessment; physiologic monitoring; anesthetic techniques; prevention of complications; utilization of anesthesia equipment; pharmacologic agents; fluid and electrolyte monitoring; communication and documentation; formulation of an anesthesia care plan and evaluation.

This course will include a review of the basic radiologic principles and factors influencing the production of quality roentgenographs. The development of the use of roentgenographic cephalometrics will be studied. Use of roentgenographic cephalometrics in orthodontics will be discussed with emphasis on the location of hard and soft tissue landmarks. Special emphasis will be placed on the tracing of these landmarks accompanied by the definition, construction and location of the various planes, angles and linear measurements utilized in compiling a statistical analysis of the headplate

Students will be able to define points, planes, angular and linear measurements for the analyses covered. Perform the measurements for each of the analyses and make appropriate interpretations from them. Have a detailed understanding of the following analyses: Steiner, Ricketts, McNamara, Tweed, Wits, Brodie, Sassouni, Holdaway, and CVM. Be able to use the aforementioned analyses to aid in treatment planning. Have a working knowledge of the following analyses: Ricketts' PA, Golden Section, Downs, Peck & Peck, Reidel, Milton Neger, Wylie and Andrew's. Understand the basic principles of orthognathic surgery. Be able to apply cephalometrics to surgical treatment planning.

Students will learn to conduct oral screenings and evaluate patients with dental problems including toothache, oral pathology, dentofacial deformities, temporomandibular joint pathology, and preprosthetic problems. They will learn how to give intraoral injections, perform intraoral biopsies, extract simple teeth and assist with more major surgical procedures.

This course includes a review of surgical cases, treatment outcomes and discussions on diagnosis and treatment planning. Additionally, there is a detailed review on selected medical or surgical topics.

Students will be able to relate the connective tissue (ligaments, tendons, cartilage, bone,) muscles, and nerves (12 cranial nerves) of the craniofacial complex to the functions of respiration, mastication (includes swallowing,) and posture; and how these functions affect growth, development, and function of the stomatognathic system. Relate stress and malfunction in the stomatognathic system to muscle spasm, and pain that may occur in the muscles of the jaw, neck, shoulders, and back and may lead if chronic to degenerative processes of the temporomandibular joint. It is the intent of this course to evaluate the preventive, interceptive, and corrective role that orthodontics can play in developing and/or maintaining a harmonious physiological state.

Provides an in-depth understanding of normal and abnormal anatomy and how to use different forms of imaging technology.

This course is designed to give the postdoctoral resident a broad base of information concerning the specialty of pediatric dentistry in a way that will result in their ability to confidently practice as a specialist in pediatric dentistry. It is designed to integrate fundamentals of pediatric dentistry with clinical techniques and to allow the resident to theorize and apply those fundamentals through critical thinking. This course will also incorporate elements of evidence-based dentistry as it relates to the pediatric, adolescent, and special needs population. The clinical experience will enhance the residents' ability to assess the pediatric patient's behavior and assess the need for behavior modification techniques. For the patient who needs sedation, the resident will be able to assess and monitor the patient before, during and after the sedation appointment. The resident will also incorporate the critical thinking skills to assess those pediatric patients who must be treated in the operating room. The residents will to able to assess, workup, complete and follow up the pediatric patients treated in the operating room. The clinic will also provide the resident with experience in the teaching of the pre-doctoral students in the treatment of children with special needs.

This course is designed to give the postgraduate student in pediatric dentistry a sound understanding and knowledge of theory and philosophy of dental treatment for children while integrating all acquired knowledge in related basic sciences and other clinical disciplines. At the completion of the course, the student should be able to have a firm understanding of pediatric dentistry concepts, patient management, child development, basic concepts of restorative procedures, cariology, pulp management in primary and permanent teeth, space management and interceptive orthodontics, nutrition and habit correction. Moreover, through a wide exposure to current and most pertinent literature and research the student will be acquainted with various philosophies and opinions in the field of Pediatric Dentistry.

This course is designed to review the current and most pertinent literature in pediatric dentistry and the related areas of clinical dentistry and dental research. The students are expected to actively participate in each seminar, develop the ability to critically review each article/oral health policy studied, and relate the knowledge gained to their clinical experience

This course is designed to acquaint the student with current advanced technical procedures used in Pediatric Dentistry. Experience is provided in restorative procedures, endodontic techniques, wire bending, soldering and welding methods, band construction and placement of attachments. Emphasis is placed on construction of preventive and interceptive orthodontic appliances. Impression taking, pouring, trimming and finishing of study models is reviewed. Correlation of technical procedures with clinical application is stressed. Lectures, demonstrations, and visual aid materials are used.

This course is designed as a review of human growth and development. Prenatal and postnatal changes, development and methods of measuring the normal and abnormal changes are presented. Emphasis is placed on the growth and development of the head, face, jaws, skeleton and dentition. Methods of estimating physiologic age are presented. Clinical implications and ramifications as well as the abnormal development possibilities will be addressed. Developmental stages emotional development and psychological development and patient management will also be presented. Each resident will make a presentation on assigned topics under the guidance of the course director. It is requested that audio-visual aids, etc., be used in the presentation. The presenter will be required to have a detailed type written copy of his/her presentation.

This course is designed as a review of human growth and development. Post-natal changes, development and methods of measuring and predicting growth are presented. Emphasis is placed on the growth and development of the head, face, jaws, skeleton and dentition. Case based learning is applied by having the residents present and perform two growth prediction on actual patients. Clinical implications and ramifications as well as the treatment is addressed before performing growth predictions and compared to treatment plans after a growth prediction is done.

This course is designed to introduce students in all fields of public health to the background, basic principles and methods of public health epidemiology. We will also discuss the biological, behavioral, sociocultural and environmental factors associated with the etiology and distribution of health and disease.

The aim of this course is to develop students' knowledge and understanding of the role and conduct of quantitative and qualitative research methods in planning [and urban design]. Intellectual and methodological debates will be discussed in order to assist students to develop informed opinions and a critical appreciation for other's research. The imperative for ethical research practice will be presented. The course equips students with the skills to review and conduct methodologically sound research as a part of their professional work.

2nd year residents present their hurdles in completing their research projects while their colleagues make suggestion for addressing these challenges in the Fall. In the Spring, the course enforces the statistical approaches that can be applied to individual research projects, reviews elements to include in thesis discussion section, and finalized formatting guidelines for thesis submission.

This rotation provides exposure to obtaining complete medical histories, parental interviews, system-oriented physical examinations, clinical assessments of healthy and ill patients, selection of laboratory tests and evaluation of data evaluation of physical, motor and sensory development, genetic implications of childhood diseases, the use of drug therapy in the management of diseases, and parental management through discussions and explanation.

This course will consist of one semester of 48 one-hour seminars designed to integrate all the basic knowledge of orthodontics learned, bringing together the different elements of "facts", experience and reading, controversies in the field are discussed from every aspect. The student is afforded a platform from which he/she can express opinions and dispel errors of judgment in a dialogue with classmates and the instructor.

This course will consist of one semester of 48 one-hour seminars designed to integrate all the basic knowledge of orthodontics learned, bringing together the different elements of "facts", experience and reading, controversies in the field are discussed from every aspect. The student is afforded a platform from which he/she can express opinions and dispel errors of judgment in a dialogue with classmates and the instructor. See note on page 577 related to courses with a range of credit hours. *Note: One to four credit hours may be awarded per semester for the Orthodontic Case Analysis Seminar course. A maximum of four credit hours may be awarded for the course.

This course is designed for students to gain clinical experience in their progression toward clinical competence in various clinical disciplines, in the treatment of the adult, child, geriatric and special needs patient population in a diverse, multicultural, humanistic environment. Students are assigned rotation groups of 3 to 4 students each. They are assigned to the various clinical areas by groups. There are a number of components of the Clinical Rotation course for both D3 and D4 students. The students have daily assignments. D3 and D4 students are assigned on according to a predetermined schedule at the commencement of each semester. The rotation clinics are Community Dentistry and the Chronically Ill and Aged Program for D4 students; then for both D3 and D4 students Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Diagnosis, Radiology, Emergency Services, Orthodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry. Students are also assigned to the general clinic which is indicated on the schedule by the letter "C" for their rotation groups. The general clinic consists of Endodontics, Periodontics, Prosthodontics, and Restorative Dentistry. The Clinical rotations are a major component of the Clinical curriculum of the College of Dentistry. In each of the clinical rotations listed, patients are scheduled by the department for the rotating student to treat, aside from the student's family of assigned patients, all with a patient centered comprehensive care approach. When the students are scheduled to the general clinic, they are required to appoint their assigned patients, directed by the faculty, to the appropriate discipline in their patients' proper sequence of comprehensive treatment. In addition to these rotations there is a Clinical Dentistry component to ensure that the students have a variety of experiences to enhance their knowledge of practice management and dental education.

This course is designed to provide information about "real world" experiences and practical solutions to some of the challenges faced by recent orthodontic graduates. To acquaint students with the start- up and administration of an orthodontic practice; Topics may include but are not limited to financial planning, financing, employment contracts, ethics, insurance, accounting and patient management. To familiarize students with the delivery of orthodontic services in various settings (solo practice, partnerships, corporate, etc.)

The purpose of this seminar is to aid the Resident in understanding, integrating and correlating his/her knowledge that has been presented to him/her in the orthodontic and pediatric dentistry programs. Each resident will make a presentation on assigned topics under the guidance of a faculty advisor.

The course is designed to give the first-year postgraduate orthodontic student a basic knowledge of the force vector analysis and the principles of mechanics as they apply to orthodontic force systems in a two-tooth model. The course also gives the student an understanding of how more complex force systems operate and how to apply basic principles to multitooth and full-arch systems. Furthermore, the course provides the student with an insight into how the oral environment and biology affects the theoretical force calculations.

The main goals of research seminar are to acquaint students with the basic concepts and methods of statistics, their applications, and their interpretations as used in dental health research. Students will learn quantitative research terminology and its meaning, how to calculate various statical measures and indices, and how to compute and interpret inferential statistical techniques. Students will also acquire the ability to utilize the statistical software package SPSS as tools to facilitate the processing, editing, storing, displaying, analysis, and interpretation of dental health research-related data. This course covers several content areas related to quantitative data analysis. These areas include (a) quantitative research terminology, (b) SPSS & data preparation for entry in SPSS, (c) Descriptive statistics: Frequency distributions, graphical presentation of data, and measures of central tendency and variability, (d) Normal and skewed distributions, (e) Identify steps in hypothesis testing: Research hypotheses, Type I- & Type II-errors, & statistical significance, (f) Inferential statistics: Parametric vs. non-parametric tests, (g) Guidelines for test selection, (h) Bivariate statistical techniques: Pearson's correlation coefficient, Student's t-tests, One-way analysis of variance and covariance (ANOVA / ANCOVA), and Chi-square tests, and (i) Presentation, interpretation, and reporting of findings.

This course is designed to provide the resident with the knowledge necessary to recognize, diagnose and treat, orthodontic patients that exhibit minor to moderate temporomandibular disorders. Guest lecturers will present information in the form of seminars. The primary objective of the TMD seminars will be to introduce concepts and procedures that will reduce patient symptoms by alleviating compressive forces on the temporomandibular joint and muscles of mastication.

Emphasis is on the dental management of patients with complex medical problem.

This course has been designed to provide the students with knowledge and understanding of the philosophy and mechanics of fixed appliances. The course is designed to give the students exposure to orthodontic problems with as diverse types of malocclusions as our clinic population will permit. The basic laboratory and didactic course material are correlated and demonstrated through the treatment of patients. Diagnosis and treatment planning, record keeping, appliance construction and manipulation, patient management and interpersonal relationships are stressed and practiced under supervision. A multidisciplinary approach to orthodontic mechanotherapy is presented. While predominantly straight-wire appliances, the student is also exposed to standard edgewise, bio progressive, functional, and other aligning appliances, and cases involving orthognathic surgery.

This course has been designed to provide the students with knowledge and understanding of the philosophy and mechanics of fixed appliances. The course is designed to give the students exposure to orthodontic problems with as diverse types of malocclusions as our clinic population will permit. The basic laboratory and didactic course material are correlated and demonstrated through the treatment of patients. Diagnosis and treatment planning, record keeping, appliance construction and manipulation, patient management and interpersonal relationships are stressed and practiced under supervision. A multidisciplinary approach to orthodontic mechanotherapy is presented. While predominantly straight-wire appliances, the student is also exposed to standard edgewise, bio progressive, functional, and other aligning appliances, and cases involving orthognathic surgery.

This course has been designed to provide the students with knowledge and understanding of the philosophy and mechanics of fixed appliances. The course is designed to give the students exposure to orthodontic problems with as diverse types of malocclusions as our clinic population will permit. The basic laboratory and didactic course material are correlated and demonstrated through the treatment of patients. Diagnosis and treatment planning, record keeping, appliance construction and manipulation, patient management and interpersonal relationships are stressed and practiced under supervision. A multidisciplinary approach to orthodontic mechanotherapy is presented. While predominantly straight-wire appliances, the student is also exposed to standard edgewise, bio progressive, functional, and other aligning appliances, and cases involving orthognathic surgery.

This course is designed to give the postdoctoral resident a broad base of information concerning the specialty of pediatric dentistry in a way that will result in their ability to confidently practice as a specialist in pediatric dentistry. It is designed to integrate fundamentals of pediatric dentistry with clinical techniques and to allow the resident to theorize and apply those fundamentals through critical thinking. This course will also incorporate elements of evidence-based dentistry as it relates to the pediatric, adolescent, and special needs population. The clinical experience will enhance the residents' ability to assess the pediatric patient's behavior and assess the need for behavior modification techniques. For the patient who needs sedation, the resident will be able to assess and monitor the patient before, during and after the sedation appointment. The resident will also incorporate the critical thinking skills to assess those pediatric patients who must be treated in the operating room. The residents will to able to assess, workup, complete and follow up the pediatric patients treated in the operating room. The clinic will also provide the resident with experience in the teaching of the pre-doctoral students in the treatment of children with special needs.

This course is designed to review the current and most pertinent literature in pediatric dentistry and the related areas of clinical dentistry and dental research. The students are expected to actively participate in each seminar, develop the ability to critically review each article/oral health policy studied, and relate the knowledge gained to their clinical experience.

This course is designed to review and discuss all clinical, research and didactic instructions that the student receives in the Howard University Pediatric Dentistry Postdoctoral Program The records of clinical cases being treated or whose treatment has been completed will be used primarily as a basis for discussions. The student's knowledge and ability to manage clinical cases using evidence-based methodologies are evaluated. This course will also provide necessary knowledge and learning skills for each student to engage in the pursuit of Board Certification in its Specialty of Pediatric Dentistry.

This course is designed to review and discuss all clinical and evidence-based research on the development of the occlusion during the mixed dentition phase of dental development. The series of discussions and presentations is to expand the postgraduate student's knowledge in the area of the dentition and occlusal development. During the course the students will make use of the relevant clinical research conducted on Children African and European American Descent. The student's knowledge and ability to manage clinical cases using evidence-based methodologies are evaluated. See note on page 577 related to courses with a range of credit hours.

This postdoctoral course is intended to introduce the history and evolution of dental education, the development of educational theories and practices, challenges in dental education, and the relationship between dental education and dental practice. Learners will be exposed to topics and activities that will aid understanding of some of the qualifications and skills that contribute to effective dental education, facilitate the ability to critically assess their current experiences and consider the possibilities of future academic and/or research careers.

Advanced principles of and procedures in the physical evaluation in preparation for matriculation into the second year of medical school. Advanced students learn to perform a physical examination, obtain a patient history and evaluate patient information. The first-year resident will spend 3 weeks shadowing a clinician-mentor in the ambulatory or hospital setting. The experience is meant to introduce the student to the practice of medicine (broadly defined) and allows the student to practice targeted parts of the medical interview and physical exam. The hands-on learning that these sessions provide is a complement to the basic science courses and physical examination skills obtained in Dental school. A critical component of this education exercise should be on observation of the medical interview in action and observing aspects of the patient-doctor relationship. Limited skills such as interviewing for an HPI, taking a family history, checking vital signs, and holding an otoscope will also be covered. Topics range from how to take vital signs to enhancing awareness of cross-cultural issues

Orthodontic Literature Review: Fall and Spring Semesters, 5 credit hours. This course consists of presentations of classic and current literature in orthodontics, discussions and related case presentations to familiarize the students with past and current literature and prepare them for the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) written specialty board examination.

Information presented in this course is designed to present the development of the occlusion during the mixed dentition phase of dental development. The interrelationships of skeletal, dental and soft tissue development will be stressed. Upon completion of the course, the student should be able to: 1) distinguish normal from abnormal development; 2) evaluate the growth pattern; 3) recognize the dental eruption pattern; 4) determine whether or not treatment should be instituted and 5) select the best therapeutic methods to maintain normal growth of the stomatognathic system, intercept, or correct abnormal development.

The purpose of this seminar is to aid the resident in integrating and correlating his/her knowledge that has been presented to him/her in the orthodontic program in preparation for life after his/her training period. Each resident will be required to make presentations to the seminar on assigned topics. It is requested that audio-visual aids be used in the presentation. A summary sheet of the presented work must be prepared for distribution to the group.

The purpose of this seminar is to aid the resident in integrating and correlating his/her knowledge that has been presented to him/her in the orthodontic program in preparation for life after his/her training period. Each resident will be required to make presentations to the seminar on assigned topics. It is requested that audio-visual aids be used in the presentation. A summary sheet of the presenter's work must be prepared for distribution to the group.

This course has been designed to provide the students with knowledge and understanding of the philosophy and mechanics of fixed appliances. The course is designed to give the students exposure to orthodontic problems with as diverse types of malocclusions as our clinic population will permit. The basic laboratory and didactic course material are correlated and demonstrated through the treatment of patients. Diagnosis and treatment planning, record keeping, appliance construction and manipulation, patient management and interpersonal relationships are stressed and practiced under supervision. A multidisciplinary approach to orthodontic mechanotherapy is presented. While predominantly straight-wire appliances, the student is also exposed to standard edgewise, bio progressive, functional, and other aligning appliances, and cases involving orthognathic surgery.

Each resident receives individual instruction for formatting their research projects into manuscripts for journal submission.

This course is designed to introduce the student to the use of the dental literature to develop an understanding of the interrelationship of Periodontics with the fields of orthodontics and pediatric dentistry.

This course will review basic molecular genetic information and its function in transmitting the characteristics that perpetuate the species. Biochemical and cytological principles including Mendelian Law are presented which emphasize pedigree analysis, clinical and biochemical studies of hereditary diseases and chromosomal anomalies with their physical sequelae. Principles of genetic testing and counseling as well as the recent genetic discovery, advanced technologies, and strategy of personalized medicine.

This course is designed for students to gain clinical experience in their progression toward clinical competence in various clinical disciplines, in the treatment of the adult, child, geriatric and special needs patient population in a diverse, multicultural, humanistic environment. Students are assigned rotation groups of 3 to 4 students each. They are assigned to the various clinical areas by groups. There are a number of components of the Clinical Rotation course for both D3 and D4 students. The students have daily assignments. D3 and D4 students are assigned on according to a predetermined schedule at the commencement of each semester. The rotation clinics are Community Dentistry and the Chronically Ill and Aged Program for D4 students; then for both D3 and D4 students Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Diagnosis, Radiology, Emergency Services, Orthodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry. Students are also assigned to the general clinic which is indicated on the schedule by the letter "C" for their rotation groups. The general clinic consists of Endodontics, Periodontics, Prosthodontics, and Restorative Dentistry. The Clinical rotations are a major component of the Clinical curriculum of the College of Dentistry. In each of the clinical rotations listed, patients are scheduled by the department for the rotating student to treat, aside from the student's family of assigned patients, all with a patient centered comprehensive care approach. When the students are scheduled to the general clinic, they are required to appoint their assigned patients, directed by the faculty, to the appropriate discipline in their patients' proper sequence of comprehensive treatment. In addition to these rotations there is a Clinical Dentistry component to ensure that the students have a variety of experiences to enhance their knowledge of practice management and dental education.

This triweekly conference series is dedicated to the review and discussion of current patient cases with emphasis in mortality and morbidity review.

Day to day instruction will focus on principles and pathophysiology of head and neck surgical disease, pre-, peri-, and post-operative care of surgical patients, and evaluation and development of procedural skills in minor oral surgery in an ambulatory setting.

Day to day instruction will focus on principles and pathophysiology of head and neck surgical disease, pre-, peri-, and post-operative care of surgical patients, and evaluation and development of procedural skills in minor oral surgery in an ambulatory setting.

This course includes a review of surgical cases, treatment outcomes and discussions on diagnosis and treatment planning. Additionally, there is a detailed review on selected medical or surgical topics.

This course is designed to provide the basic pharmacologic concepts and foundations necessary for the studies of advanced pharmacology. Covered topics include pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenetics, and pharmacoeconomics, and their importance in the selection of proper pharmacotherapeutics and patient safety. In addition, the basic concepts of drug interactions and adverse reactions will be discussed together with pertinent examples and techniques to minimize potential risks to patient safety.

This course is designed for students to gain clinical experience in their progression toward clinical competence in various clinical disciplines, in the treatment of the adult, child, geriatric and special needs patient population in a diverse, multicultural, humanistic environment. Students are assigned rotation groups of 3 to 4 students each. They are assigned to the various clinical areas by groups. There are a number of components of the Clinical Rotation course for both D3 and D4 students. The students have daily assignments. D3 and D4 students are assigned on according to a predetermined schedule at the commencement of each semester. The rotation clinics are Community Dentistry and the Chronically Ill and Aged Program for D4 students; then for both D3 and D4 students Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Diagnosis, Radiology, Emergency Services, Orthodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry. Students are also assigned to the general clinic which is indicated on the schedule by the letter "C" for their rotation groups. The general clinic consists of Endodontics, Periodontics, Prosthodontics, and Restorative Dentistry. The Clinical rotations are a major component of the Clinical curriculum of the College of Dentistry. In each of the clinical rotations listed, patients are scheduled by the department for the rotating student to treat, aside from the student's family of assigned patients, all with a patient centered comprehensive care approach. When the students are scheduled to the general clinic, they are required to appoint their assigned patients, directed by the faculty, to the appropriate discipline in their patients' proper sequence of comprehensive treatment. In addition to these rotations there is a Clinical Dentistry component to ensure that the students have a variety of experiences to enhance their knowledge of practice management and dental education.

This triweekly conference series is dedicated to the review and discussion of current patient cases with emphasis in mortality and morbidity review.